TURKEY AND BULGARIA.

Gisborne Times, Volume XXVI, Issue 2316, 8 October 1908, Page 3

TURKEY AND BULGARIA.

GABLE NEWS

VIOLATICM OF BERLIN TREATY. AUSTRIA’S SURPRISE ACTION. ARMIES ADVANCING TO FRONTIER. United Press Association. CorviticiiT SOFIA, October G. M. Malinoff, the Bulgarian Premier, stated that independence was proclaimed owing to Turkey’s ultimatum demanding the evacuation of ■the Oriental railway within three days. Prince Ferdinand read the manifesto of independence from the chancel of the Ancient Church of Forty Martyrs. Ho appeared deeply impressed. Ho claimed that lie* and Prince Alexander made Bulgaria a nation fit to take an equal place in. the family of civilised peoples. Though practically an independent nation, it was attended by certain illusions and. formalities, which resulted in coldness of the relations between Turkey and Bulgaria. Prince Ferdinand said that ho and Bulgaria ‘desired to rejoice in Turkey’s political development. He hoped that when each was free and entirely independent, their friendly relations would bo strengthened" and inspired by tho. sacred purpose of satisfying the national requirements and fulfilling the national desire. He then proclaimed Bulgaria’s independence. “Together with the nation,” lie said, “I firmly believe that this ict will meet with the approbation of the great Powers.” "When the' nows was first received ill,Sofia, therewere few signs of popular feeling. Later crowds suiv rounded the Palace and cheered the Duke of Boris and his brother.

CONSTANTINOPLE, Oct. 6. Kami! Pasha, the Grand Viiser, states that lie does not consider tho proclamation of independence a casus belli, unless Bulgaria adopts a hostile attitude in Macedonia. If Europe is disposed to modify tho Berlin treaty, Turkey must accept fait accompli. LONDON, Oct. 6. Reuter learns that the British Government" cannot admit the right of any Power to alter tho Berlin treaty' without the consent of the other parities. Therefore it refuses to sanction any infraction, and declines to recognise what has been done until tho views of the other Powers are known, especially those of Turkey. Reuter states that the general impression in diplomatic circles is that Turkey’s moderation and wisdom will avert a crisis. Although the news of the proclamation of Bulgaria’s independence created consternation in official circles, the public were not excited generally." It is expected that Turkey will only strongly protest against the violation of the treaty. The Austrian jiress strongly sympathises with Bulgaria. It deprecates war, since Turkey loses nothing that it has not already lost. “Le Temps” states that the Czar •has come to no decision, regarding Austria, but desires to act with Franco and Britain. , Prince Ferdiuand telegraphed to the Sultan, expressing regret that he was compelled, by the popular will, to declare the independence of Bulgaria, and expressing a. hope that tho friendly relations would be maintained. It is understood at Constantinople that Russia has promised Turkey moral support. It is reported at Adrianoplo that Bulgaria is summoning her reserves. The “Times” declares that Bulgari i’s audacious violation of the Borlin treaty, and Austria’s still more serious violation, are parts of a common conspiracy against the Liberal system in Turkey. Opinion in the city shows that there is little alarm at Bulgaria’s and Austria’s action. Though the prices of foreign stocks declined, they rallied later.

The “Daily Mail’s” correspondent at Budapest reports that three Hungarian army corps have been mobilised; "and proceeded to Bosnia-Herze-govina on Thursday. The “Times’” Constantinople correspondent reports that Ministers, replying to Price Ferdinand, state that they are unable to recognise the declaration of independence, as it is a breach of the Berlin treaty, and affects the signatory Powers. The “Times’- ”’" Vienna correspondent states that a Royal rescript addressed to M. AVerkli appears on Wednesday,' proclaiming tho extension of Emperor Joseph’s sovereign rights to Bosnia-Herzegovina. The rescript adds that in accordance with Turkey’s wishes, Austrian troops will be immediately recalled from Novibazar. In order to - avoid a technical difficulty Bosnia-Herze-govina will be henceforth termed an administration territory. M. Werkli privately states that all the Powers, including England, have assented to the rescript. '. ; - -

’ Confirming Reuter’s communique, the “Times” adds: The sympathies-of the responsible people of Britain are with Turkey, who has been badly treated. It is hoped that the Turkish Government will not permit itself to be provoked into taking any active measures for retaliation, which will do the new regime no good. M. Isvolsky assured Al. Clemenceau that General Pichon and he had not been consulted by Austria, whose contemplated action was a. surprise, since her references to ultimate annexation had been made in the most general terms, and involved, since •lie had warned Austria,, far-reaching consequences for her action. He pro 7 poses a visit to London.. Prussia also strongly protested against Bulgaria s action. , , Unofficial St. Petersburg telegrams state that Russia insists that an international congress meet at St. Petersburg, when she will demand compensation. Meanwhile she will try to avert war between Bulgaria and Turkey, but fears that the efforts will he fruitless. , » . . Germany considers trLaij it is impossible to revise Bulgaria’s action. Europe will only be able to try and prevent hostilities with Turkey and tho risk of . a general conflagration. European representatives m ootui h ive been instructed to induce Bulgarians to avoid everything calculated to further provoke Turkey. . Tho German press condemns 1 mice Ferdinand. The Gorman 9 Government has approved of Britain’s mediatory proposals respecting.tho Oriental railway. There was much excitement at Bel-o-rade. The streets were thronged, the , demonstrators shouting Down with Austria.” , , “Le Temps” Yienna correspondent states that the Bulgarian army is moving on tho frontier, and the Turkish army is advancing to meet it. Austria-Hungary is. mobilising two army corps. It is believed in A lenna that war will result. Servia -has summoned 120,000 reservists. There is enthusiasm m favor of war against Austria. There was au anti-Austrian demonstration at Belgrade throughout the night. The demonstrators gathered outside the Legations of Britain, Italy, Turkey, and Russia. Speeches were made expressing admiration ot these Powers- ... There were immense rejoicings around the monument of tlie Gzar the Liberator at Sofia. Thousands, headed bv a military-band, marched to the agencies of the Powers, which tlioy cheered. Thoro were illuminations at nffiht. Prince Ferdinand and ALinsters were, at PhilHpopolis, where there Company demands an indemnity of £6OO per day until the line is restored. . Turkish advices state that Austria is approaching the Porte with % view to settling tlio Bosma-Herzegovinn question amicably.

A REQUEST DECLINED. A EUROPEAN CONFERENCE. United Press Association. CoPYßTom(Received October /, J.oo P- in U LONDON, October 7. Bulgaria asked Russia to immediately recognise her lndejienden and appoint a Minister at Sofia.

Russia declined to anticipate tho decisions of tho Europoan . Congress, and it is expected that tho Bulgarian agent at St. Petersburg will bo recalled.

The Porto, besides protesting against Bulgaria’s action, will address a circular noto to tho Powers emphasising tho necessity of Turkey to defend her rights by force. M. Tittono, at Milan, expressed tho hope that tho concord of tho Powers would be preserved. Italy was forearmed against all eventualities. Austrian nowspapors warn Turkey she must nquiesce in Bulgaria’s action, otherwise she will run a great risk of losing her Europoan provinces. Several Austrian papers refor to the Timovo proclamation as a defeat for the groat diplomatist, King Edward,

Diplomatic circles in Paris regard tho situation as moro roassuring. Tho idea of a European conference is assuming concrete shape, and it is thought, that Britain, France, and Germany will simultaneously propose that oourso. LAW AND ORDER. THE BULGARIAN KING. United Press Association. Copyright (Received October 7, 11.10 p.m.)

-VIENNA, October 7.' King Francis Josef’s proclamation to Bosnia-Horzegovina dwells upon tlio splendid results following Austria’s steadfast endoavor to introduce a regime of law and order, enabling every man to enjoy the fruits of his labors under the protection of a wellordered Government. Considering it a solemn duty to tirelessly move toward the same goal, King Josef declares that the time lias como to give the young provinces fresh proof of liis trust in their political maturity. They will henceforth be allowed a voice when decisions are taken concerning their homo affairs. King Josef recalled the ties existing of yore between liis glorious ancestors on the Hungarian throne aiul the two provinces. SOFIA, October 7.

After tlio proclamation ceremony at Timovo, the President of tho Sobranje asked Prince Ferdinand to accept the title of Bulgarian King, and tho Prince consented.