E.—l2.

TABLE SHOWING THE SUBJECTS OF STUDY, COMPARATIVELY, IN THE PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF ENGLAND AND NEW ZEALAND-continued.

17

STANDAED I. STANDAED II. STANDAED III. STANDAED IV. STANDAED V. STANDAED VI. STANDAED VII. ENGLAND AND NEW ZEALAND. ENGLISH,— England 5 Optional Class-subject.)—See Code 1886, Arts. 15 and 109 (/). To repeat 20 lines of simple verse. To repeat 40 lines of poetry, and to know their meaning. To point out nouna and verbs. To recite with intelligence and expros- i To recite 80 lines of poetry, and to explain To recite 100 lines from some standard sion 60 Iino3 of poetry, and to know i the words and allusions. poet, and to explain the words and allutheir meaning. j To parse easy sentences, and to show by : sions. To point out nouns, verbs, adjectives, ! examples the use of each of the parts of To parse and analyse simple sentences, adverbs, and personal pronouns, and speech. and to know the method of forming Engto form simple sentences containing lish nouns, adjectives, and verbs from them. each othel I Torecitel50 lines from Shakespeare Torecite 150 lines from Shakespeare or Milton, or some other standard or Milton, or some other standard author, and to explain the words author, and to explain the words and allusions. and allusions. To parse and analyse a short complex To analyse sentences, and to know sentence, and to know the mean- prefixes and terminations geneing and use of Latin prefixes in rally, the formation of English words. ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION,— New Zealand 5 N.Z. (Obligatory —Pass-subject.) Regulations of June 16, 1885, and Sept., 1878. The distinguishing of the nouns, adjectives, j fp ne distinguishing of all the parts of speech \ Inflection of the verb ; the parsing (with teS^U^^im^lxercJ^es6^^:, in easy sentences; the inflexion of the j inflections' of all the words in an easy position, to test the pupil's power of putting noun, adjective, and pronoun; letter] sentence ; |a short essay or leiter on a his own thoughts on familiar subjects into writing on prescribed subjects, the ad-j familiar sribject, or the rendering of the words. The more difficult pronouns (asm- dressing of letters and envelopes. sense of a passage of easy verse into ' goodprose; analysis of a simple sentence, but the children should be able to recognise as a pronoun any personal, possessive, or demonstrative pronoun used as a substan-: tive or as an adjective. ' , , ,,.„,.. .,.. m ,, ,. STANDAED VI. j Complete parsing (including syntax) of simple and compound sontences; prefixes and affixes, and a few of the more important Latin and Greek roots, illustrated by a part of the reading book ; essay or letter; analysis of easy complex sentencss. DRAWING,— England 6 (Optional Class-subject.) Arts. 15 and 109 (/) Code 1886. Drawing freehand, and with the ruler of lines, angles, parallels, and the simplest right lined forms, such as some of those given in Dyce's Drawing Book. (To be drawn on slates). ' The same on paper. Freehand drawing of regular forms and j Freehand drawing from the flat and from j The same as I curved figures from the flat. simple rectangular and circular models. ! tion of easi Simple geometrical figures with rulers. I Drawing to scale. Geometrical figures j Plans and elJ with instruments. reetangula Simple sea :en, it will be advisable to teach them to draw as early as possible from actual objects, such as the < Standard IV., with the addir common objects. jvations of plane figures and : solids in simple positions. es. loors and windows, furniture The same as in Standard V., but of greater difficulty. The same as Standard V., with sections. Drawing any common objects, and casts of ornaments in light & shade. The same as Standard VI., but with circular solids and sections. i N.B. —In order to interest the child] md apparatus, of the schoolroom. New Zealand 6 N.Z. .. (Obligatory—Pass-subject.) • Kegulations of June 16, 1885. Straight lines of different lengths, and in different positions. Such lines joined at different p-ngles, and connected to form simple figures and designs. This work is to be done without ruler. Similar work of a more advanced character; but not to bo required as a Pass-subject before 1st Jan., 1887 ; until then a Class-subject. Freehand drawing as in English standard ; but not required as a Passsubject until 1st Jan., 1888; until then a Class-subject. Freehand drawing as above. Drawing to scale simple geometrical figures with ruler and instruments; but not to be required as a Pass-subject before lst Jan., 1889 ; until then a Classsubjeet. _ The same as be require Jan., 1890 in English code, but not to I Standa [ as a Pass-subject before 1st ; The same as Standard V., but of gret until then a Class-subject, j but not to be required as a Pass-sui a Class-subject. .bd VI. a,ter difficulty and including sections ; bject before lst Jan., 1891; until then GEOGRAPHY,— England 7 (Optional Class-subject.) Arts. 16 and 109 (/) Code. To explain a plan of the school and playground The four cardinal points. The meaning and use of a map. The size and shape of the world. Geographical terms simply explained, and illustrated by reference to the map of England. Physical geography of hills and rivers. Physical and political geography of England, with special knowledge of the district in which the school is situated. Physical and political geography of the British Isles, and of British North America or Australasia, with knowledge of their productions. Geography o cal. Lati night. T11 Europe, physical and politi- j Geography of the world generally, The ocean. Currents and tides, ude and longitude. Day and and especially of the British colo- General arrangements of the plane[e seasons. nies and dependencies. Inter- tary system. The phases of the change of productions. Circum- moon. i stances which determine climate. Standards V., VI., and VII., maps and designs may be required to illustrate the answers given. J New Zealand 7 N.Z. (Obligatory Class-subject or Passsubject according to Standard.) Regulations of June 16, 1885, and Sept., 1878. Class-Subject. Knowledge of the meaning of a map ; of the principal geographical terms ; and of the positions of the continents, oceans, and larger seas. Pass-Subject. The names and positions of the chief towns of New Zealand; the principal features of the district in which the school is situated; names and positions of Australian colonies and their capitals ; of the countries and capitals of Europe ; of mountains forming the watershed of continental areas; and of celebrated rivers. Class-Subject. Names and positions of the countries of the world, with their capitals, and of the principal seas, gulfs, mountains, rivers, lakes, capes, straits, islands, and peninsulas on the map of the world; geography of Australia in outlines; and the drawing of rough maps of New Zealand, with sueh one set of principal features (as capes, or towns, or rivers) as the Inspector may require. [In this and the subsequent standards scholars will be expected to know the situation of places mentioned in their reading-books.] Pass-Subject. Names and j ositions of places of political, historical, and commercial importance in New Zealand, in Great Britain, and on the Earopean continent; and the drawing of outline maps of New Zealand, Great Bri am, and Ireland. Physical geography. Distribution of land and water; mbuntaiu and river systems. Mathematical geography; the form of the earth; day and night; the seasons ; the zones j the meridian and parallels ; and climalje in this connection. Stakdabd VI.—Pass-Subject. Names and positions of places of political, historical, and commercial importance in Asia, North America, and the British Possessions. Physical Geography: Atmospheric phenomena, winds, rain, ice; climate as affected by mountain, plain, and sea; distribution of the animals and plants of the greatest value to man ELEMENTARY SCIENCE,— England 8 (Optional Class-subject.) Arts. 15 and 109 (/) Code, 1886. A progressive course of simple lessons on some of the following topics, adapted to cultivate habits of exact observation, statement, and reasoning. Common objects, such as familiar animals, plants, and substam !63 employed in ordinary life. A more advanced knowledge of special groups of common objects, such as, —■ (a) Animals, or plants, with particular reference to agriculture; (6) Substances employed in arts and manu-fa-ctures; (c) The simpler kinds of physical ana mechanical appliances, e.g., the thermometer, barometer, lever, pulley, wheel and axle, spirit level. (a) Animal or (b) The chemi volved in 1 England, d reckoned. (c) The physic volved in t instrumen industrial I plant life; Leal and physical principles inione of the chief industries of jmong which agriculture may be The preceding in fuller detail. The preceding in fuller detail. al and mechanical principles inhe construction of the commoner ts, and of the simpler forms of machinery. New Zealakd 8 N.Z. .. (Obligatory Class-subject.) Eegulations of June 16, 1885. Object and natural history lessons ; Object lessons, and lessons in natural Knowledge of common things. A sylla- The instruction in elementary science for E a syllabus of the vear's work done history, and on manufactures, A bus as for object lessons in the former distribution of the subject over a three-y, to be given to the" Inspector, who syllabus as in Standard I. standards. chemical action as may be imparted by t will elamine the class upon some tlon m elementary mechanics, or in such object selected from the syllabus. 3ect by the Inspector as equiv J J I ! science shall be required for these stando Standards IV., V., and VI. shall bo based 01 ears' course of lessons. The programme mi ;ho proper use of Professor Bickerton's "Mi 1 elementary physiology as may be learnt fr< 'alent to one of these ; provided, however, trds. t a programme, which shall be prepaid Lst include such elementary knowledge ■terials for Lessons in Elementary Sci< >m Mrs. Buckton's "Health in the Ho that, if agricultural chemistry be effi 3d by the head teacher, to show the 3 of physics, and such a conception of ence," and must also include instruc>use," or in botany or some other subLciently taught, no other elementary HISTORY,— England 9 (Optional Class-subject.) Arts. 15 and 109 (/) Code. ;er in London Daily News of 9th September, 1884.^ New Zealand 9N.Z. (Optional Class-subject.) Regulations of June 16, 1885, and Sept., 1878. Inspector will adapt the examination as far as possible to ;the teacher's programme of lessons or other indication of work done. Knowledge of the chronological order in which The succession of Houses ana Sovereigns from The period jfrom 1485 A.D., to 1714 A.D. Standard VI. the following periods stand: Boman, Saxon, 1066 a.d to 14S5 A.p., and the leading events of treated aa the former period is treated The succession of Houses and Sovereigns, and the leading events of each X^^ZiS^^TX in Standard IV. reign from 1485 a.d. to the present (precise dates no! required); also and incidents illustrating the life of the their own character. [Precise dates will not, the elements of social economy ; that is to say, very elementary knowseveral periods. The selection of facts and be required, though a knowledge of them may ledge of such subjects as government, lav?, citizenship, labour, capital, incidents will be left to the teacher; and assist in referring each event to the proper monev and banking the Inspector will adapt the examination reign.] '' 8' as far as possible to the teacher's programme of lessons or other indication of the work done. i „, h,,, 1 „ „, ,, M , SINGING.— England 10 (Op. Class-sub.' STANDARDS I.-VII. IN ENGLAND, AND I.-VI. IN NEW ZEALAND. 119} pp. 173-178 of General Report for 1883-84. See also Code 1886, 107 (d) ana 109 (a), and G.R., 1885-6, pp. xiii. and xv. Details are not given in 1886 Code, but are supplied in the form of Circular (: Art. 15, Code 1886. New Zealand 10 N.Z. .. ., See No. 16 of New Zealand Regulations o£ 16th June, 1885. (Obligatory—Addit, subject.) SPECIAL UOTES BELATIETG TO "CLASS-SUBJECTS." For explanation oi the term " Class " see English Code, 1883, ss. 15 ana 109, ami Sched. II.; also Eevisea Instructions to Inspectors, 1S3G, clauses 32-44; ana compare with New Zealana Regulations of 16th June, 18 5, ana Eighth Annual Beport on Education (1885), p. xvii., ana Ninth (18SG), especially p. vii. . ,,_ . , „. , . . „ _. , trnniioV.. 9 TivB-a-inr.- r ini <int> Miovp «rprial note 5le) ■ eeneral note 13 • ana (/) Note paper read by Dr. Doherty before Nat. Soc. Se. Assoc., (7)) See E.I., Art. 41,1861 and 1880, and 1886, pp. 24-28. "Musical Education in Irish Elementary Schools," by Eev. 5 (a) " The recognized Class-subjects are. 1. Enf «* 2. Drawing C (a See abOTo si'_f"al no to, u(c), ftonci a M me, id, ana U J e^l 3 inore cxtcnderl Gtnd oJ (c) j B c Vol XIII a94 and se p 431 and seq , Jolln JJacMahon , M . A LL . D see Transactions, Nat. Soc. Sc. 3. Geography; 4. Elementary science; 5. History, 6. Singing (6) temMourt who ha "pa^cd the cxaiWnationfo/tl^ Physical Science in Primary and Secondary Schools," Trans- (4 G.R., 1883-84, p. 803 Vnd 1885-86, pp. xiii., xiv., and xv. Assoc, Dublin, 1881, pp. 821 and 842. 7. Needlework for girls (accoidiiig to Code, lbtb.s. IPS (/)), HI LV^^S^n^/JSTJriiia model actions, v 493 (e) On the Galin-Paris-Cheve method ef Sight-singing and its (3) On importance of teaching music, see "Philosophy of Ed" by which it will be noticedare a obl.gatorj-m NewZeaia d toa^uS oTob^d f^t to tCy4a?18M 8 N Z. "In Hu&ary^he Government has ordered every midaieclass value educational see paper read before Educ. Society, Prof. Wckie.-Journal of Ed., June, 188G, p. 257. Y «&& l^SS^ISo^ftSWfittWtf BSg !^tSSBSgtaiffiSS?fc^ llte^ W^ISS^ school to'be Wi.un^e supervision or a man, Attentum, 20th Mk. 18S0; and see Journal of Ed., July, l SS 0, (* Note large percentage taught by ear in Scotland, G.E., Scot., , M Slal SbSSEI Suit bv means of reading ' "* ** '^ " SS «^S (/) In'Ser on " By what means can National Education in Music N.bS&£*. 1 to Schedule II., Code 1886. <6) («) B»B ™,Volir.i.ril.m.espec.-Vol. I., PP. 517-520 and 536, and supply. He has to approve of the table of studies and of the best be promoted," by Sir E. Stewart, Mus. Doc.; and on 10N.Z. See regulations of ICth June, 18S5, No. 21. M -^S«?^l^ff8!2Sffi5^ a school ta (« SSSS inspectors, 1 ? SC, Art. 44. rPT« S^) P°f tW°diViSiOnS-" (F™"tallS 6N-Z- E^0 ?^Sduc^iSSp° £x^in^nl^ 1p^f * S^SK^-SKSE^^M^ ** GENEHAL NOTES BELATIJTG TO WHOLE TABLE. (d) ""No more than three Class-subjects may be taken by either 7 (a) See above note 5 (e), and E.I. under heading "Class-subjects," 9 There is no syllabus provided m the English Code tor the teach- Thg c i ass i n j. a tion of " Elementary," "Class," "Obligatory," and "Optional" subjects is that of the English Code (1886), ss. 15 and 109. division; the same number must be taken throughout the espec. Arts. 32, 34, and 38-40. ing pi mstory, DUt see Tll0 terms «obligatory," " Pass," " Class," and " Additional," are applied to New Zealand in view of the 84th section of " The Eduechool. . (b) B.C.. Vol. I., p. 517, and Vol. II., p. S24; obpeciaJ notes 1 ana &(e). ■ otanfl.rfl V ami cation Act, 1S77," and Eegulatioiis of 10th June, 1885. But note SOth section of Act, ss. (1). For additional explanation of terms see * (e) " If only one Class-subject is taken it must be English, if two (c) I.E.C., Vol.XIII., p. 481, and seq.; and (6)' If History beitajenasJ Class-subject in^Standard V. ana New Zealand Eighth Annual Beport (1885), p. xvii. are taken one must be English, and the second may be, in the (rfi "Geographical Education."—Eeport to Council of Boyal Goo- upwards, a progressive scheme of lessons in it must be sub- 5 *™ '•* lower division drawing geography clementarv science, or ' graphical Society by J. Scott Keltic, the Society's Inspector mitted to the Inspector at his animal visit, and approved by 1 For explanation of the addition of the Seventh Standard in Eng- Arts. 69,70, and p. 20; which compare with regulations in New needlework (for "iris); in the upper division, drawing, geo- of Geographical Education. J. Murray, 1885. him for the ensuing year." land, sea Inspector 1 itch s Memo, on Dr. (now Sir) C. Brown's Zealand Gazette, No. 92,1878. eraphy elementary science, history, or needlework (for girls); On the improvement of geographical education in schools (c) B.I., 1886, espec. Art. 32. Eeport, pp. 02,63. 7 List of publications and apparatus used by London School Board if three be taken one must be English and another drawing, and colleges see Marquis of Lome's Presidential Address to id) I.E.C., Vol. XV., p. 33. 2 As 10 age lit which children should pass the Standards in Eng- forwarded herewith, and compare with N.Z. Orders in Council and the third may be in the lower division, geography, elemen- Eoyal Geographical Soc, 10th Nov., 3685, see their monthly (c) " Our system of education must always seem a failure to me so land, compare above memo, with notes to "Standards" in of 24th Sept., 1878, 9th Sept., 1884, ana 17th Jan., 1885. tarv science or needlework (for girls); in the upper division, record, p. 780; and for latest information on General Edn. see long as history occupies so small a space in it," Prof. Seeley, N.Z. Keg. of Sept., 1878. 8 For latest statistics respecting grants made, see G.E., 1885-86. geography elementary science history, or needlework (for monthly record from time to time. Nineteenth Century, Dec., 1885, art. "Insular Ignorance," p. 3 In judging of the relative severities of requirements of the two 9 For regulations re time-tables, see Code, Art. 4, and clause 56 in girls) Provided that if the scholars in" the 4th Standard are For Exhibition of Appliances as use:! in Geographical Edu- 801, but Eee the whole article; also, as relating to Victoria, see systenjs the following facts may be suggested as among the Eevised Instructions to Inspectors, 1886. placed in the upper division, that division may not take his- cation, see Proceedings Eoyal Geographical Soc., Jan. 1886, Australian Times and Anglo-New Zealander, 2Cth Feb., 1880, elements to be considered:— 10 For New Zealand relating to " Standards of Education and torv If drawing or needlework is taken, it must be taken in and for lectures and discussions " On the Aims and Methods p. 26. (a) The in^int-school system in England; Inspection of Schools," see regulations of lGth June, 1885, and both divisions " (For further rules re needlework see Code, of Geographical Education," Feb., 1SS6, p. 116; and for lee- (/) A circular will shortly be issued (if it bo not already issued) (6) The greater range there of compulsory school age; see N.Z. Eeport, 1885, p. xvii. 1886 109 (/), vi., vii.) tures and discussions on "Geography in its Belation to His- by the Education Department in Victoria with the object of (c) And thfegreater percentage of attendance in the colony at the 11 For studies in Hawaian native, ana other schools see Biennial if) "All'scholarswhoarerequiredtobepresentedforexainination tory," and "On the Scientific Aspects of Geographical Educa- making State-school instruction there more immediately advanced ages. Eeport, Honolulu, 1884, p. 9 and seq., and Statute Law, 1865, in the elementary subjects must be presented for examination tion," March, 1886, p. 193. practical. History is to be taught, poetry is not to bo com- 4 (a) For " Specific Subjects," see Eng. Act, 1870, see. 97, and Arts. sec. 8; and note general provisions for observance and in any Class-subjects that are taken, unless there is a reason- (e) Note action of Scottish Gecg. Soc. to promote teaching gcog. in mitted to memory but understood, composition will bo in- 16, 17, and 109 (3), Code, and for table see Sched. IV. to Code, enforcement of parental and filial duties, Stat. 1865, see. 37, able excuse for their being absent or withheld from the schools.—Proceedings Eoyal Geog. Sot., April, 188G, p. 271. eluded amongst the subjects in the higher classes, the rules and notes thereon, and see E.I., Arts. 45-47,1884 and 1880, and and morality provisions, Stat. 1870, sec. 1. examination." /) Noto notices of Messrs. Johnston's School Atlas of Oceania com- of arithmetic must be applied to the Ordinary affairs of life, G.B., 3885-86, p. xvi. Note "Morals and Manners" in Code, ana stress laid on in) "The scholars examined in the Class-subjects are examined in prising thirteen full coloured maps ot Australian colonies, and elementary instruction will be given in the laws of (b)Note "Domestic Economy ]' included among the "Obligatory" "thoroughness." the classes in which they are taught." ' New Guinea, Fiji, and New Caledonia, and New Zealand, and health, see Australian Times and Anglo-New Zealander, 15th subjects in the N.Z. Stat. is included in English list " Specific 12 Professor Seeley is of opinion that there are too many subjects (70 "The examination is, as a rule, oral in the lower division, a general map of Oceania, issued this year, Australian Times Jan., 1886. Subjects." On"Cookery," Code, 109(70, and Sched. IV. thereto, taught in the English schools at once, " N.C.," Dec, 1885, Art. except in drawing." and Anglo-New Zealander, -20th Nov., 1885, and 15th Jan., 1886. (g) For recent papers on teaching history, see Journal of. Ed., see E.t., 1886, Art. 68. G.E., 1883-84, p. xviii., G.E., 1882-83, p. 185, on " Insular Ignorance," p. 872. (i) " The examination of the scholars varies according to their " Geographical education is much more progressive and May, lfctG, p. 203; June, p. 237; Aug., p. S23; and Sept., pp. 367 I.E.C.. Vol. IV., p. 171 and seq., and note discussion on the 13 Be school books see Pall Mall Budget, 26th Nov., 1885, p. 14; and Standards." The work of each Standard is detailed in 2nd svstematic on the Continent than in England. This general and 372. " Hig!:er Education of Women," Transactions Nat. Soc. Sc. for notice of Vere Foster's drawing-books, see Illustrated Schedule to Code, 1886. superiority applies not merely to the average school instrue- 9N.Z. («) "History" stands before "Drawing" and "Elementary AssoeL Dublin, 1881, pp. 431-433. Note advocacy of excision of London News, 29th May, 1880, p. 572. U) For further notes see Code, 1885, Art. 109 (/); and tion, but involves the accuracy and educational value of Science " in the 1877 Act, but in Eegulations after " Drawing" "Animal Physiology," B.C., Vol. III., 3637. 14 Mr. Cumin's evidence before Eoyal Commission (188C) on the \k) See E.I., 1886, on English, Arts. 36, C7, and generally on "Class- foreign maps and text-books."—Eeport by J. Scott Keltic. J. and before "Elementary Science." (c) No " Specific Subjects" are included in N.Z. list for elementary working of the Elem. Ed. Act, concerning what can be and subjects," Arts. 32-40. Murray, London, 1886. (6) There is no provision in England that "no child is compelled schools except "Domestic Economy." what is taught, should be carefully noted. (0 G.E., 1885-86, p. xv., 1883-84, p. xvi., and 1882-S3, p. xvii. N.Z. Sec footnotes 5 to Stand. II., 4 to Stand. III., 4 to Stand. IV., to be present at the teaching of history whose parents or 5 There are no specific statutory or code regulations in England 15 See noto 1 to Sched. I. to Code, 1886, and also Art. 17 of Code, 1886. (m) Noto paper " On the Teaching of the English Language in 3 to Stand. V., and 3 to Stand. VI., in 5.Z. Eeg. of Sept., 1878; guardians object thereat," see 84th section of N.Z., 1877, Act. respecting drill or physical training; but note latter part of 16 For Scotch schools, see Scotch Code, 188G, Scotch Instructions to Elementary Schools," read before Nat. Hoc. Sc. Assoc. Dublin, and sec Bog., of Juno, 1885, Nos. 11 and 17. (c) See footnotes 5 to Stand. III., 5 to Stand. IV., and 4 to Stands. Code,1886, Art. 10 and Arts. 17 and 12 s.s. (/); and G.E., 1885-86, Inspectors, 1836, and G.E., Scot., 1885-86 (all herewith); and 1S81, by Prof. Joyce, Training Dept., Dub., Trans, p. 491; and 8 (a) See above special note 5 (e), E.I., 1886, Arts. 32-40. V. and VI. in N.Z. Kegulations of Sept., 1878. p. xvii., 18t>;-84, pp. xvii., xviii., and 258 and 314; and G.E., note, in districts where Gaelic is spoken.it may be taught (k) "On Phonetics in its relation to the Teaching of Languages," ib) Noto that elementary science in the English list is placed (d) See also Begs. 11 and 17, loth June, 1885, and Eighth Annual 1882-83, pp. 185, 441, and 473; see also Times, 10thand 14th Oct., Se. Code, Art. 19, which regulation seems somehow to correpaper read before the Educ. Soc, see Atlienceum, SOth Jan. before " History," but in New Zealand it is otherwise. Eeport (1885), p. xvii., and Ninth (168G), p. vii. 1884, and 9th Nov., 18S3. For New Zealand, see Eeg. 12 of 16th spond to the provisions re Welsh, see footnote to Sched. I. 1886. (c) See footnotes to Schedule II. to Code, 1985. 10 (a) Note higher position of " Singing" in the English list of sub- June, 1885. Eng. Code, 1886. (o) See Eevised Instructions to Inspectors, 1886, Art. 26. (d) See G.E., 1882-83 and 1883-84, p. xxv. jects (see Art. 15 of Code) as compared with "Vocal Music" in 6 For information respecting the requirements for the examina- 17 For full information on subiects of study in public schools of 5 N.Z. See footnotes 2 ana 3 to Stand. III., and 3 to Stand. IV. N.Z (e) See B.C., Vol. I., pp. 393, 394, 424, 444, 457, 407, 470, 475. 484, and the colony. But it is not obligatory there, and possibly the tion, &c, of pupil teachers, see Schedules III., V., and VI. of Australia and Tasmania "see Acts regulations and reports Eeg. of 1st Sept., 1878. 517, ana Vol. II., pp. 324 and 327. higher position is of no significance in view of Art 109 (/). English Code, 1886, and E.I., 1886, Arts. 33-45 of Code, 1886, herewith.