101

E.—sb

ally leaving the choice of the object to the scholar. Exercises of this kind, increasing in difficulty, should be continued throughout the higher standards. Any of the preceding exercises may also be repeated from memory. (d.) Drawing with Instruments (Foot-rule and Set-square). All straight-line forms given in the above syllabus may also be done with ruler. Drawing perpendicular and parallel lines with set-square, through a given point. Drawing lines of given length (no fractional parts of 1"). [N.B. —Where it is considered desirable the more elementary exercises in brush-work may be introduced at this stage: see below—Standards 111. and IV. (a 7 .).] Standards 111. and IV. (a.) Production of Whole Forms and Analysis of Curved Forms. The freehand work in these standards carries somewhat further the combinations of whole forms produced in the previous standards, and introduces the formation of the circle (Fig. 1, p. 106). The ellipse, egg-form, and other ovals are analysed first into halves (Fig. 2, p. 106), and afterwards into quadrants (Fig. 3, p. 106), and these elements treated in the same way as the complete forms, being combined in various directions, numbers, and sizes so as to produce decorative forms such as shown in Fig. 4, p. 106, of this syllabus. These, when combined, give a large variety of natural and decorative forms. (b.) Drawing from Large Diagrams and from Simple Objects. Drawing of curved forms from large diagrams and from very simple objects, such as a preservejar, a flower-pot, &c, of sufficient size to be seen by the whole class, is introduced at this stage, and should be followed by the same exercise to be drawn from memory after the removal of the example. (c.) Straight-lined Combinations, Freehand and Ruled. In drawing frets and zigzags, Standard 111. (Fig. 6, p. 107), both in freehand and as ruler-work, the teacher may allow those scholars who are quick, and have completed their drawings to his satisfaction, to colour portions of them with pencil or coloured chalks, or tint them in water-colour. (d.) Brush-work. The elementary brush form is produced by simply touching the paper with a brush full of colour held horizontally, without moving the brush on the paper. Such touches are then repeated in all varieties of position and combination, like the freehand forms given in Figs. 14 and 15, on p. 105, in Standards I. and 11., and Fig. 7, p. 107, in Standard 111., and suggestions of natural and decorative forms are easily obtained from these combinations in almost infinite number. This may be followed by the production of simple forms with the brush similar to those suggested in fig. 7, p. 107, in Standard 111., and Fig. 5, p. 108, in Standard IV. (c.) Drawing with Instruments (Foot-rule, Set-square, and Compasses). Drawing perpendiculars of given length, and parallels at given distance, with set-square and by geometrical methods. Construction of rectangles and triangles of various sizes, and simple plane figures. Fractional measurement not less than half an inch. Right angles may be drawn with setsquares. Construction of equal angles. Bisection of lines, angles, and arcs. The circle in relation to the measurement of angles. Construction of angles of 30°, 45°, and 60°. Simple geometrical pattern-drawing based on the above. Construction of simple scales. Drawing to scale from dimensioned sketches or actual measurement of very simple right-lined objects. Standards V. to VII. (a.) Patterns and Ornament based upon Natural Forms. In the more advanced stages of the work, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 4, pp. 109 and 110, in Standard V., ornamental forms derived from the foregoing exercises maybe combined into simple patterns and repeats, involving the use of brush-work and washes of colour. The natural forms of plants and animals may be broadly treated as motives of ornament, and employed to fill spaces used in decoration, as in Figs. 3 and 5, on pp. 109 and 110, in Standard V., and Figs. 1 and 2, on p. 111, in Standards VI. and VII. (b.) Drawing of Simple Objects from the Flat and Round. In Standards VI. and VII. freehand drawing, as in Standards 111. and IV., should be taken, but from more difficult examples, flat and round. Various common objects, such as a box or desk, may be used as models; and large leaves, and parts of plants or flowers, may be drawn in outline. Copying, from the flat should also be carried further than in the earlier standards. It need not be confined to the outline of ornament, but may include leaves, flowers, fruit, common objects, and simple renderings of insects, birds, and animal forms. 14— E. sb.