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value to the Department of the work that he does, whether that work be remunerative or, as in the case of cooks, cleaners, &c, cause a saving of expense. The relief of the dependants of a prisoner is made the first charge upon his earnings. Should these dependants be idle, immoral, or disorderly, they receive no benefit. Prisoners have the opportunity of purchasing for themselves certain comforts, such as a strip of carpet (regulation size) for their cells, a picture, writing-materials, certain articles of food, &c. Earnings spent in such personal comforts have not so great a purchasing-power as in the ordinary public markets. Prisoners may allow their earnings to accumulate, and receive them on discharge in such manner as the authorities decide. All debits incurred for laziness, insubordination, or other breach of the rules, are met before any appropriation from credit balance is allowed. No debit is incurred on account of suspension from work occasioned through genuine illness, but all feigned illness, self-imposed injury, or injury caused through disregard of instructions, causes the prisoner to be debited with the loss of time, and any other consequent loss sustained by the institution, in addition to any fine inflicted as a punishment. The cost of any entertainment provided by the institution, such as lectures, &c, is debited to the prisoners benefiting, the cost being distributed pro rata among the different grades, those prisoners in the higher grades being debited with a smaller amount than those in the lower grades. Prisoners who send the whole of their earnings to support their dependants are permitted without cost to themselves to attend such entertainments as they would otherwise be entitled to. Besides their monetary value, a prisoner's conduct marks are submitted as data for examination when the question of his release is being considered. Punishments. The discipline throughout the institution is strict, without being severe. The warders are to endeavour to secure a cheerful recognition of all rules and regulations, and so to issue their own commands that they will be readily obeyed. No disobedience of any kind is overlooked; at the same time the warder whose manner provokes the men is removed to some other charge. Every effort is made to inspire the prisoner more by the hope of reward than by the fear of punishment. As far as possible, punishment takes the form of fines, reduction in grade, and solitary confinement. INDUSTRIAL. All men physically capable are employed upon remunerative works. The choice of the class of industries which shall be established in these prisons is governed by the following considerations : — The work must be economically and profitably carried on. The products most suitable for use in other public Departments, but will not compete with the outside market. The industry must not suffer by reason of a fluctuating number of men being employed. (The numbers in this class are not likely to fluctuate much : there will be a steadyincrease in numbers until a certain aggregate is reached; after this the numbers will decline until a certain percentage is reached, which will remain fairly constant.) The men employed must gain an industrial training which will be useful to them upon their release. The industries suggested are, — Stonemasonry, Ironmoulding, Tinware, Making book-covers, Bootmaking. When the requirements for the prison buildings now being erected are completed, the work of quarrying and dressing building-stone is carried out in connection with other public buildings. Crushing stone for roadmaking is also carried on. When the quarry is exhausted the area will be used for accommodating buildings in connection with other industries to be established. Stone-dressing is carried on in the yard as at present, but when the drives and walls are complete this work will be carried on in the quarry area, and the vacated yard used for the purpose of accommodating other industries. At one of the penitentiaries workshops will be established which will make all the boots required at prisons and prison camps; the reformatories make their own. A repairing shop is set up at all institutions. The prison clothing— i.e., coats, vests, and trousers —is made under similar conditions. Educational. Illiterates receive instruction in reading, writing, and arithmetic up to the requirements of the Fourth Standard pass certificate. Qualifications and Duties of Officers. All institutional and civilian officers are men of strict morality and sobriety, of fair education, and of firm but not harsh address. They have their specified duties, but in cases of emer-