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individual inquiry or research—are the only true methods of procedure, has of recent years been responsible for a vast increase of expenditure in all departments of education. The principle applies not only to instruction in new subjects not hitherto attempted, but still more to many, if not all, subjects that have hitherto been treated in a different way through the aid of text-books. All this demands a, heavy expense in. many directions—in the training and equipment of teachers, in the employment of specialized instructors, in the provision, of improved apparatus, workshops and workrooms, laboratories and gardens, and other accessories. Further, the duty of the' schoolmaster does not end with the training of the brain, the hand, and the eye of the child in such a manner that they may contribute jointly and separately the most that in them lies towards his future social efficiency and give him the power to do the right thing, and do it well, in any given set of circumstances in after-life. Nor is it sufficient to add to this the grave "moral responsibility imposed upon the school in the formation, through example, precept, and wisely directed tradition, of habits and character that will afterwards make the good citizen. Physical training and well-being must now also claim in an increasing degree serious attention and effective treatment. The demands of improved hygienic conditions must thus be met, and a separate organization maintained for medical and physical inspection with a wide vista of future expansion in the interests of the children's physical well-being. 3. Medical Inspection and Physical Training. —By the appointment later of a common head of good professional standing to direct both medical inspection and physical training it is hoped to secure the best correlation of physical education with the medical aspect of the matter. The two branches are mutually dependent, and should be under the same control. At present under war-conditions it is impossible to take further action either jjby widening the scope of the medical inspection beyond the tentative scheme already adopted, or by making necessary additions to the staff to enable the scheme to be expanded. As soon as conditions become more favourable it is intended, subject to the necessary provision by Parliament, to make in both respects a substantial advance. So far as the scheme has yet been developed, the yearly expenditure of the double service amounts to a little over £10,000 per annum. With the importance of effective medical inspection, and in conjunction therewith of effective physical education, the Department is strongly impressed. The physical, mental, and moral interests of the children are closely interwoven, and all are equally comprised within the duties of the State towards its future manhood and womanhood. Whether at the same time it may be found practicable to graft upon the scheme of medical inspection the elements of a scheme for medical treatment will be a matter for future consideration. The intimate relation of schemes for treatment with schemes for inspection is recognized as of the highest importance from every point of view ; but the question of cost is a serious one, and the incidence of social obligations, parental and civic, in the matter has yet to be determined. The establishment of dental clinics at convenient centres, or of a movable character, to deal with one of the most prevalent of physical defects, the utilization of the services of school nurses to link the school inspection with the home, and systematic courses of lectures to parents on the care of children are among suggestions that will need consideration. in the new movement the teachers themselves are in a position to render most valuable assistance —indeed, without their hearty co-operation little success can be achieved. In. the physical condition of the children there is among teachers a. growing interest, and, notwithstanding that their co-operation in the work of the medical inspection entails in many cases a considerable amount of tedious clerical work, less is now heard of objections, and the general report is one of cheerful service. Increased attention to school and personal hygiene has, brought with it a demand for more air-space and playground-accommodation. Where this is most needed,

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