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distinguish them individually. The only difference under the microscope is that the tubercle bacillus chiefly found free, whereas the leprosy bacillus is principally found in cells. The organism is in practically all cases found in the nasal secretions and also in the nodules. The disease is probably carried from one to another by close contact, and it is possible that it may be carried by insects. The infectivity of the disease fortunately does not seem to be very high. Nevertheless it is essential that these cases should be isolated. Summary. —hi order to cope with the various diseases referred to, and the many other diseases found in the islands, it is necessary that a very vigorous campaign should be carried out especially against the mosquito, including— (1.) The drainage of swamps, pools, and places where stagnant water accumulates, especially in the neighbourhood of settlements; (2.) The cleaning-up of watercourses. (3.) Oil treatment of all places found to be impracticable of drainage, and the cleaning of weeds therefrom; (4.) The clearing of thick undergrowth and vegitation generally from the neighbourhood of all settlements or residences; (5.) The protection of all residences from mosquitos and flies by proper construction and wire netting; (6.) Proper disposal of all garbage; (7.) Provision of sewerage of all settlements, where practicable, and the institution of proper means of disposal of excrement where drainage is not practicable; (8.) Provision of sufficient good water for domestic purposes, and the protection of tanks from mosquitos; (9.) Construction of houses so that adequate protection is afforded from the heat and free means of ventilation, electric lighting, and fans.

WESTERN SAMOA. Extracts from Addresses delivered on s.s. " Mokoia," Ist and 3rd March, 1920, by Colonel R. W. Tate, Administrator of Samoa. The lecturer stated that Samoa was divided into two portions, Western Samoa and American Samoa. Western Samoa consisted of four islands, the two principal being Upolu and Savaii. American Samoa consisted of Tutuila and some smaller islands. The population of Western Samoa, about a year ago, consisted of 30,636 native Sainoans, 1,166 indentured labourers, and 1,660 whites and half-castes. Upolu was the more important of the two large islands, the greater number of people living there. There were some roads, which the lecturer indicated on a map; otherwise communication was by boat. To make a road round the island of Upolu was a big task, which, however, should be carried out. It, would be about 120 miles round. There was in Apia a telephone system which extended in two directions. As to area, there were 275,000 acres in Upolu and 45,000 in Savaii. Much of the land had been alienated. In Upolu 88,500 acres had been alienated, leaving 186,500 acres in the hands of the Natives. In Savaai 400,000 acres remained in the Natives' hands, 50,000 acres having been alienated. Of the alienated land the German firm known as the D.H. and P.G. owned 56,000 acres in Upolu and 20,000 in Savaai. Other Germans owned 16,000 acres in Upolu and 18,000 in Savaii. British and neutral people held 16,500 in Upolu and 12,500 in Savaii. All the best portions of Upolu had been acquired by the German firm mentioned. Of the area alienated some 18,000 acres had been cultivated. The Native cultivations were all round the coast. The land was rich brown soil, such as the party had seen at Rarotonga, but it was so intermixed with volcanic rock that he, Colonel Tate, had not seen an acre which one could plough or work a cultivator upon. The products of Samoa were mainly copra, cocoa, and rubber. In the previous year the export of these products had been 16,356 tons of copra, 820 tons of cocoa, and rubber nil. The export of copra was higher in that year than it had been before, but in consequence of the shortage of labour caused by the repatriation of the labourers the production of cocoa and rubber had dropped. In 1918 Samoa had imported, from Australia goods to the value of £108,000 and exported to the Commonwealth goods valued at £35,000. From New Zealand the imports had been £82,000 and the exports £16,000. From America the imports had been £112,000, while the exports had amounted to £253,000. Practically all the copra went to America. The revenue of the country for 1918-19 was £87,363, and the estimated revenue for 1919-20 was £80,215. The expenditure, including public works*out of revenue, absorbed all the revenue. The land belonging to the German firm was held by New Zealand. A Military Liquidator had possession of it and was working it. A decision would no doubt be come to by the Government as to whether they would take this laud from the Germans. New Zealand had the right under the Peace Treaty to take German property, give the German owners a certificate for the German Government to pay upon on account of indemnity, and-send them back to Germany with it. New Zealand was now holding, and, so far as he knew, would take the 76,000 acres belonging to the German firm. Mr. Lee : What is the approximate value of it? Colonel Tate said that, roughly speaking, he would estimate it at £1,000,000. This German property was mostly under coconut. At Mulifanua they had one of the best plantations in the world :it consisted of 4,000 acres of coconut and carried besides 4,000 cattle. The copra was dried in kilns, and the work of the firm was done in a very big way. If the property was not kept cultivated it would go back to nature. Cocoa was mostly grown by small individual planters, nearly all Germans. The labour on the cocoa-plantations was Chinese, who were indentured.