C—3a.

Young Totara-tree stripped of Bark: Lillburn, Southland (Out of thirty young totaras only three were not maimed.)

Beech-tree (10 in. diameter) ringbarked and dying: Lillburn, Southland.

Beech-tree (3 in. diameter) ring barked and dying: Lillburn, Southland.

Forest in Deer Country, Hunter Valley, Otago. (Note bare floor and absence of regeneration.)