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of the Japanese to stand well with the world might well be an effective spur to acceptable behaviour at least until full membership of the United Nations had been achieved, and the peace treaty might provide that this event should occur only with the concurrence of the supervisory authority, and then only after a stated number of years ; in the meantime, Japan could, with the permission of the supervisory authority, progressively join various other international bodies and specialized agencies of the United Nations. The supervisory authority could also be given power to lift or relax, perhaps after a stated period, some of the economic controls specified in the treaty, while further sanctions might be provided by power to impose additional import restrictions. As far as concerns any armed force behind or available to the supervisory authority, it seems increasingly doubtful that an occupation force of any size will be maintained within Japan after the treaty comes into effect, though it would be desirable to maintain such a force for a limited period as a general insurance against a too rapid resurgence of independence on the part of the Japanese. It would seem that a minimum would be the maintenance of a naval and air pattol force, capable of controlling Japanese seaways and airways and of closing, if necessary, a port or ports. Technical opinion would have to determine whether this could be done from nearby bases or whether the maintenance of abase on Japanese soil would be required. The force should be under one Commander, and it would be desirable for it to operate directly under the instructions of the supervisory authority. As its functions would be mainly of a police nature, it is possible that the supervisory powers might be prepared to agree to the supervisory authority having direct power to use this force. But a case may aiise, or at any rate should be provided for, where simple police action is not effective, or where the forces at the disposal of the supervisory authority are inadequate to secure Japanese compliance. Whether the treaty-making Powers should, at the time of the settlement, work out arrangements to meet such a grave situation, and, in addition, whether an effective relationship should be established with the United Nations, are matters of the utmost importance. (e) Relationship between the Japanese Peace Settlement and the United Nations The maintenance of peace anywhere in the world should ultimately be in the hands of the body created for the purpose. Consequently, it should be New Zealand policy to press for an intimate relationship between the security measures proposed in the Japanese Treaty and those necessary for world peace in general.