27

may be withheld. It is convenient to draw attention at this point to the fact that Article 94 provides that a Member shall not be required to furnish information if its disclosure were contrary to that Member's essential security interests. Members further agree to take full account of requests, decisions, and recommendations of the Organization, but what action is taken by Members in any particular case is for each of them to determine. Article 48 envisages that Members may co-operate among themselves to carry out an enactment of any one of them which has as its effect the furtherance of the objectives of the Chapter. The recital in Article 49 that no act or omission to act on the part of the Organization shall preclude any Member from enforcing any of its own enactments directed towards preventing monopoly or restraint of trade was included at the request of a Member of the Preparatory Committee which saw necessity for it in relation to its anti-trust legislation and administration. The manner in and the extent to which the Organization will concern itself with restrictive business practices in such services as transportation, telecommunications, insurance, and banking affecting international trade are set out in Article 50. If a Member considers its interests are seriously prejudiced by such practices engaged in by enterprises within the jurisdiction of another it will attempt to have the matter corrected through consultation with that other Member. Should this method fail, the matter may be referred to the Organization whose course of action on it will be determined by whether or not another inter-governmental organization exists by which it may more appropriately be dealt with. For instance, if the proposed inter-governmental maritime organization is formed and if its functions include the handling of restrictive business practices in the field of shipping, then it would be appropriate for that body rather than the international Trade Organization to deal with any complaint regarding shipping. If however, there is no such other authority the Organization may make recommendations to remedy the particular situation in so far as it comes within the scope of the Charter. The Organization is also authorized to co-operate with other intergovernmental organizations concerning restrictive business practices affecting any field within the scope of the I.T.O's Charter. Specific exceptions from the provisions of the Chapter are made under Article 51 to apply to inter-governmental commodity agreements which comply with Chapter VI and to bilateral inter-governmental agreements for the purchase or sale of goods within the terms of the Articles on State trading. Nevertheless, if it appears to the Organization that there are features of these State trading agreements which are inconsistent with the objective to remove the harmful effects of monopolistic practices the Organization may make appropriate recommendations concerning them.