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(2) Under paragraph 1 of Article 97 voluntary withdrawal of individual members may be made by written notice at any time after the expiration of three years from the day of the entry into force of the Charter. (3) Under paragraph 2 of Article 95 the Conference may at any time determine that if a Member has not accepted a particular amendment to the Charter that Member shall be required to withdraw from the Organization. (4) n Under paragraph 2 of Article 95 a Member not accepting an amendment to the Charter shall be free to withdraw from the Organization upon the expiration of six months from the day on which written notice to that effect is received by the Director-General. This power appears to be available to a Member in the circumstances prescribed even though the three years' period referred to in subparagraph (2) above may not have expired. (5) Under Article 17 if a Member is found by the Organization to have failed, without sufficient justification, to carry out negotiations for tariff adjustments, benefits may be withheld from that Member. If they are so withheld and result in effects described in paragraph 2 of Article 17, the Member shall be free to withdraw from the Organization. (6) Under paragraph 4 of Article 90 provisions similar to those described in subclause (5) above are prescribed to extend to obligations under the Charter other than those set out in Article 17. Expression has been given in the proceedings of the Preparatory Committee to the viewpoint that the Charter should provide for additional means of terminating membership. One Delegation proposed that a provision be included in the Charter to empower the Conference under such conditions as it may deem appropriate to require any Member which has persistently violated the provisions of the Charter to withdraw from the Organization. Another Delegation in the closing stage at Geneva proposed that Members of the Organization which are suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership of the United Nations shall, upon the request of the latter be suspended from the rights and privileges of the International Trade Organization, and that Members of the Organization which are expelled from the United Nations shall automatically cease to be members of the International Trade Organization. This proposal would bring the 1.T.0. Charter m this respect into conformity with the Constitution of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. If the foregoing proposals are brought forward at the World Conference, consideration will require to be given whether more harm than good may not result from expelling a Member from the trade organization, particularly when termination of membership of the United Nations may have been on grounds not associated with trade.

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