Article 22 Non-discriminatory Administration of Quantitative Restrictions 1. No prohibition or restriction shall be applied by any Member on the importation of any product of any other Member country or on the exportation of any product destined for any other Member country, unless the importation of the like product of all third countries or the exportation of the like product to all third countries is similarly prohibited or restricted. 2. In applying import restrictions to any product, Members shall aim at a distribution of trade in such product approaching as closely as possible to the shares which the various Member countries might be expected to obtain in the absence of such restrictions, and to this end shall observe the following provisions : {a) Wherever practicable, quotas representing the total amount of permitted imports (whether allocated among supplying countries or not) shall be fixed, and notice given of their amount in accordance with paragraph 3 (b) of this Article ; (b) In cases in which quotas are not practicable, the restrictions may be applied by means of import licences or permits without a quota; (c) Members shall not, except for purposes of operating quotas allocated in accordance with sub-paragraph (d) of this paragraph, require that import licences or permits be utilized for the importation of the product concerned from a particular country or source ; (d) In cases in which a quota is allocated among supplying countries, the Member applying the restrictions may seek agreement with respect to the allocation of shares in the quota with all other Members having a substantial interest in supplying the product concerned. In cases in which this method is not reasonably practicable, the Member concerned shall allot to Member countries having a substantial interest in supplying the product, shares based upon the proportions, supplied by such Member countries during a previous representative period, of the total quantity or value of imports of the product, due account being taken of any special factors which may have affected or may be affecting the trade in the product. No conditions or formalities shall be imposed which would prevent any Member from utilizing fully the share of any such total quantity or value which has been allotted to it, subject to importation being made within any prescribed period to which the quota may relate. 3. (a) In cases in which import licences are issued in connection with import restrictions, the Member applying the restriction shall provide upon the request of any Member having an interest in the trade in the 32