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(5) In the case of posthumous works which do not fall within the categories of worlcs included in paragraphs 3 and 4 the term of the protection afforded to the heirs and the legal representatives and assignees of the author shall end at the expiry of fifty years after the death of the author. (6) The term of protection subsequent to the death of the author and the terms provided by paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 shall run from the date of Ms death or of publication, but such terms shall always be deemed to begin on the Ist January of the year following the event which gives rise to them. Article 7kis In the case of a work of joint authorship, the term of protection shall be calculated from the date of the death of the last surviving author. Article 8 Authors of literary and artistic works protected by this Convention shall have the exclusive right of making and of authorizing the translation of their works throughout the term of protection of their rights in the original works. Article 9 (1) Serial novels, short stories, and all other works, whether literary, scientific or artistic, whatever their purpose, and which are published in the newspapers or periodicals of one of the Countries of the Union shall not be reproduced in the other Countries without the consent of the authors. (2) Articles on current economic, political or religious topics may be reproduced by the press unless the reproduction thereof is expressly reserved ; nevertheless, the source must always be clearly indicated. The legal consequences of the breach of this obligation shall be determined by the laws of the Country where protection is claimed. (3) The protection of this Convention shall not apply to news of the day nor to miscellaneous information having the character of mere items of news. Article 10 (1) It shall be permissible in all Countries of the Union to make short quotations from newspaper articles and periodicals, as well as to include them in press summaries. (2) The right to include excerpts of literary or artistic works in educational or scientific publications, or in chrestomathies, in so far as this inclusion is justified by its purpose, shall be a matter for legislation in the Countries of the Union, and for special arrangements existing or to be concluded between them. (3) Quotations and excepts shall be accompanied by an acknowledgment of the source and by the name of the author, if his name appears thereon. Article lO'^s It shall be a matter for legislation in Countries of the Union to determine the conditions under which recording, reproduction, and public communication of short extracts from literary and artistic works may be made for the purpose of reporting current events by means of photography, cinematography or by radio-diffusion. Article II (1) The authors of dramatic, dramatico-musical or musical works shall enjoy the exclusive right of authorizing : 1° the public presentation and public performance of their works; 2° the public distribution by any means of the presentation and performance of their works. The application of the provisions of Articles ilbis and 13 is always reserved. (2) Authors of dramatic or dramatico-musical works, during the full term of their rights over the original works, shall enjoy the same right ivith respect to translations thereof. (3) In order to enjoy the protection of this Article, authors shall not be bound, when publishing their works, to forbid the public presentation of performance thereof. Article llbis (1) Authors of literary and artistic works shall have the exclusive right of authorizing : 1° the radio-diffusion of their works or the communication thereof to the public by any other means of wireless diffusion of signs, sounds or images; 2° any communication to the public, whether over wires or not, of the radio-diffusion of the work, when this communication is made by a body other than the original one ; 3° the communication to the poiblic by loud-speaker or any other similar instrument transmitting, by signs, sounds or images, the radio-diffusion of the work. (2) It shall be a matter for legislation in the Countries of the Union to determine the conditions under which the rights mentioned in the preceding paragraph may be exercised, but these conditions shall apply only in the Countries where they have been prescribed. They shall not in any circumstances be prejudicial to the moral right of the author, nor to his right to obtain just remuneration which, in the absence of agreement, shall be fixed by competent authority.

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