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:••• The unhappy differences which have arisen between the two new Dominions have been. followed with sympathy and concern. At the time of tension during the mass migrations and rioting in the Punjab in the first few weeks after the partition, the United Kingdom and the older Dominions were asked by Pakistan to consider whether any assistance could be given the new Governments in their negotiations. The New Zealand Government were willing to offer any help within the country's capacity if Pakistan and India both desired it, but they felt it to be unlikely that at that time outside intervention would be a substitute for or would even promote the good will and patient discussion between the two Governments which they felt to be indispensable for a securely based settlement. In the last few months of 1947 differences between the two new Dominions came into the arena of the United Nations. The activities in Kashmir of Pathan raiders from the North-west Frontier moved India to appeal to the Security Council, and the Pakistan Government, whom India blamed for having allowed the raiders to cross parts of their territory in which they could reasonably be expected to maintain effective control, brought before the Security Council not only the whole question of the accession of Kashmir to India, but also all outstanding differences between the two Dominions. On 20 January the Council adopted a resolution setting up a three-nation commission to study the situation in Kashmir and to proceed later to a consideration of other points in dispute. India nominated Czechoslovakia to represent her on the Commission, but no further action had been taken at the end of the period under review, and the matter was still under active discussion in the Security Council. New Zealand, who is not represented on the Council, has not been directly involved in this phase of the controversy, but the Department has followed the detailed Security Council discussions carefully. 4. India and South Africa New Zealand was placed in a difficult position when another controversy between two members of the Commonwealth—lndia and South Africa—was taken to the United Nations. During its 1946 session the General Assembly, after lengthy discussion of the complaint by India against the treatment of Indians in South Africa, had expressed the opinion that the treatment of Indians -should be in conformity with the terms of the agreements concluded between the two Governments and with the relevant provisions of the Charter, and requested the two Governments to report to the next General Assembly on the measures adopted to accomplish this end. The reports submitted by the two Governments in September, 1947, revealed that, in spite of several attempts at
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