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workers congregate. It is incredible that this system would be abandoned, for increase in business is the end which, licensed or unlicensed, bookmakers will naturally seek. 85. There is confirmation for this view in the ingenuity and persistence with which bookmakers have in the past sought to extend their businesses by introducing new and novel forms of betting. Of this, one so-called chart may be taken as illustrative. Two forms of betting are offered by it. In the first place the names of horses engaged in separate races are grouped in squares, and the client is invited, at odds of 25 to 1, to nominate the square in each of four races in which the placed horses appear. Further, odds are paid as follows : 50 to 1 that the client cannot pick the names of a placed horse in each of the four events ; 60 to 1 that he cannot pick the names of two winners and 2 placed horses; 70 to 1 that he cannot pick the names of three winners and one placed horse; and 125 to 1 that he cannot pick the names of all four winners. If it transpires that the client picks any win favourites, then the odds are reduced to 33 to 1. Clearly, the odds offered are distinctly favourable to the bookmaker and unfavourable to the client. 86. The chart contains another apparently quite recent and novel system of betting. Clients are invited to compete for a points prize by picking the placed horses in each of eight races. The entry fee is 2s. Sixteen points are necessary to win a minimum prize of 10s.; twentyfour are necessary to win the maximum prize of £IOO. To win the minimum the client must pick not less than eight second horses, whilst to win the maximum he must pick eight winners. The odds offered are ludicrously low. 87. Then, too, there is the totalizator number lottery which is of recent introduction. There the client is sold a ticket with a concealed number. He wins the lottery if the concealed number is the same as the last three figures of the total sum invested on the totalizator at the particular race meeting to which the ticket relates. - 88. These are merely examples of the ingenuity and of the spirit of progress which inspires the bookmaking fraternity at the present time., It is impossible to believe that the same spirit will not actuate them if licensed. If it did, then their efforts would not only maintain but encourage the practice of gambling throughout the community, and they would be certain to draw within their influence the normal succession of young people as they approach maturity. Such a condition cannot but be regarded with the most profpund repugnance. 89. Other undesirable consequences beyond those already mentioned would accrue from any system of licensing. In the first place, ! a legal right to vested interests in undesirable businesses will be created.

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