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points out that, despite the temptation inseparable from the calling into which gambling intrudes to such a degree, no evidence has been given, nor have we any information, that suggests that jockeys as a class are corrupt. Mr. Heenan points out that their incentive to excel is at least as great as that of men in other competitive callings and that their rewards for success are greater to-day than the rewards of gambling and corrupt practice. In making these comments Mr. Heenan is desirous of putting upon record that he is aware that cases have come to light even during the past year where jockeys, as well as owners, have been proved guilty of serious offences and have been punished severely. He comments upon the significance of the fact that most of these offences have been committed at minor meetings where small stakes are the rule and the incentive to heavy betting is greater. The representative of the Dominion Sportsmen's Association, in cross-examination, made it clear that this was one of the reasons for smaller comparative limits at country meetings. Mr. Heenan is desirous, too, of suggesting that increasing vigilance on the part of racing authorities,- and moral courage on the part of jockeys, who should report attempts to dissuade them from doing their best, would do much to eliminate the creation of a conflict between the instructions received by jockeys and their duty. Enforcement will be aided, in Mr. Heenari's views, by the comparatively recent introduction of the system of patrol stewards. That system should, he thinks, be more widely extended. Finally, Mr. Heenan suggests that it would help jockeys themselves if the public, disappointed owners and trainers, and generally all connected with racing did no more than even occasionally give jockeys the benefit of the doubt. He points out that it is difficult for any human being to feel a pride either in himself or his calling if his actions and his motives are eternally viewed with suspicion and doubt. There is, too, he comments, perhaps not sufficient realization that lack of riding skill is often as much due to lack of skill on the part of trainers in the early instruction of their apprentices as to the jockey himself. This being so, Mr. Heenan notes with satisfaction that at least one of the metropolitan clubs is conducting schools for apprentices, with lectures by experienced riders, and the showing of films of actual Taces in which some of the apprentices have themselves ridden, with appropriate commentary and constructive criticism. Mr. Heenan further comments that such corrupt practices as do occur are not by any means all due to bookmakers, owners, trainers, and jockeys ; the " Malacca case," to which reference has already been made, is, he points out, an example of the great evil that may result from the activities of unscrupulous professional punters. He makes the comment that it is perhaps not too much to say that in a dishonours list they head the rest by far. As an example of " rigging the tote " the