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use—proposes to dispose of them. Notice is required to be given of intention to dispose of such stocks, and the Member may be called upon to consult with other Members with a view to avoiding substantial injury to their interests. Article 29 : Non-discriminatory Treatment This Article sets out the principle of non-discrimination in State trading operations relating to purchases or sales. It applies to State enterprises and to any enterprise to which a Member grants exclusive or special privileges. Purchases and sales must be based solely on commercial considerations and enterprises of other Member countries must be afforded adequate opportunity to compete. These provisions do not apply to purchases solely for governmental purposes and not for commercial resale or for use in the production of goods for sale, but fair and equitable treatment is required to be extended to the trade of other Members respecting such imports. Article 30 : Marketing Organizations This Article provides in effect that sales and purchases by marketing Boards, Commissions, and similar organizations shall be made according to commercial considerations as provided in Article 29. Where such organizations lay down regulations governing purchases or sales by private enterprises, the Member establishing such organizations shall, with respect to such regulations, be subject to other relevant provisions of the Charter. Article 31: Expansion of Trade This Article is designed to ensure that monopolies of imports or exports are operated to expand and not to restrict trade. A Member maintaining a monopoly must accordingly be prepared, upon request by another Member, to enter into negotiations with a view to making arrangements designed (a) in the case of exports, to reduce protection, through the operation of the monopoly, to domestic users or to assure exports of the monopolized products in adequate quantities at reasonable prices ; and (b) in the case of imports, to reduce or limit protection to domestic producers. With respect to monopolies affecting imports, the Member shall negotiate for the establishment of a maximum import duty or for any other mutually satisfactory arrangement (consistent with the Charter) if negotiation of a maximum import duty is impracticable or would be ineffective. Where a maximum import duty is not negotiated, the Member must give notification of the maximum import duty which it will apply. The maximum import duty represents the maximum margin by which.