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the New Zealand delegation suggested a scheme for the elimination of dangerous national bias from school text-books ; this, we hope, will be proceeded with more vigorously in 1948 than it was in 1947. The education programme also includes such other activities as the setting-up of a clearing-house service for the international exchange of good quality reproductions of visual works of art, of recorded music, and of films dealing with the arts. UNESCO will support with technical advice and a limited secretariat, the International Theatre Institute, which, it is hoped, will be formed this year as a result of a meeting of experts called in 1947. It will take preliminary steps towards the establishment of an International Music Institute. It will develop as a centre for the exchange, between national journals and reviews, of articles within its sphere of interest. It will ask its member States to make more widely available in good translations their classics in literature, philosphy, and science. It will do what it can to remove various obstacles, such as heavy customs dues, that prevent the international exchange of original works of art. It will facilitate the exchange of museum staffs and of exhibition material. On the analogy of the successful International Council of Scientific Unions it will help to establish an international council of associations concerned with philosophy and the humanistic studies. Chapter V: Human and Social Relations For this section, as for Education, difficulty has been experienced in finding a suitable person as head, and so the results achieved during 1947 were not great. The projects included in the section, moreover, are particularly complex and hard to handle. Their difficulty is only matched by their importance. The United States delegates regarded as exceptionally important the inquiry into the " tensions affecting international understanding," an inquiry that will involve an interlocking system of researches into such problems as the distinctive characteristics of various national cultures, the conceptions and misconceptions which the people of one nation entertain of other nations, the influence of modern techniques of altering mental attitudes, the tensions arising from technological developments and the resulting shift of populations, and the human and social problems that have arisen from recent developments in international collaboration. In this vast and shifting field UNESCO's main functions will be to work out the broad pattern of researches needed, discover which are already under way or completed in different parts of the world, encourage various universities and research centres to undertake those not already covered, and collate and popularize the results as they come in. Our first reaction to this project was one of mild scepticism, but, after further inquiries,
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