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restoration of transport and agriculture. Other goods provided the initial impetus for the rehabilitation of war-shattered economies. In short, the work of UNRRA, to which New Zealand contributed £5,200,000, had alleviated the sufferings of millions of human beings, prevented a complete collapse of the economies of war-devastated countries, and made vital contributions to the task of rehabilitation and reconstruction. 13. International Children's Emergency Fund The International Children's Emergency Fund was established by the General Assembly of United Nations in December, 1946, to take over the essential work of UNRRA in assisting children and adolescents. Starting operations in September, 1947, the scale of its activities steadily mounted, until assistance is now being given to approximately five million children in twelve European countries and in China. Investigations are being made with a view to the extension of the Fund's activities to the countries of South East Asia. The Fund is primarily concerned with supplementary feeding, but it is also acting to provide essential relief in other directions—e.g., the provision of blankets for children's institutions. An allocation has been made for shoes, as it has been found in several countries that children are unable to attend school to receive the meals prepared there with ICEF supplies owing to the lack of footwear. In cooperation with the Red Cross, the Fund is launching a programme for the mass testing and inoculation of European children against tuberculosis. Latest information gives the total resources of the Fund since the commencement of activities as approximately $70,000,000. Over $51,000,000 has been received through contributions from twenty Governments, including the contribution of £250,000 by New Zealand last year. Apart from its initial contribution of $15,000,000, the United States has undertaken to make substantial other funds available in the proportion of $72 from the United States to S2B from other Governments. The Fund has received nearly $18,000,000 from the residual assets of UNRRA. In the near future it should receive substantial resources as a result of the world-wide United Nations Appeal for Children. It is part of the policy of the Fund that countries which receive UNICEF supplies must provide fresh vegetables and other supplies from their local resources, which, on a calorific basis, approximately equal the supplies from the Fund; in this way, the milk, cod-liver oil, and other high value foodstuffs supplied by the Fund are matched with local supplies to provide a balanced meal daily for approximately five million children.