O—3a

4. Forestry education in Germany has for many years been the subject of considerable struggle between those who favoured the separate college governed entirely by the dictates of the Forestry Administration, and those who favoured the wider field of knowledge and association offered by a University faculty. Within the last fifteen years, and originating with the establishment of the late Reichsforstamt in Berlin, there have been many cases of interference by the Forestry Administration with the educational affairs of the forestry academies or faculties and the forcing of forestry officials on to the lecturing establishment, thus infringing their independence and self-administration. Generally speaking, Northern Germany favoured the special Institute for the training of forestry officials, while South Germany favoured the wider field afforded by the University faculties concerned both in education and research. 5. It is perhaps significant that British forestry officials connected with current German forestry are inclined to the view that the standard of forestry in the southern States is higher than that of the north ; but this may be coloured by the fact that the south is more richly endowed by nature with good natural forests, whilst the northern glacial soils are poor, necessitating the introduction of exotic species. Post-war Forestry Education in Germany 6. The only forestry educational establishments at present functioning in Western Germany are : (a) Higher forestry education — (1) Hann-Muenden. (2) Munich. (3) Freiburg. (4) Reinbek (post-graduate only). (b) Middle forestry education—(l) Schotten, Hesse-Darmstadt. (2) Lohr-Main, Bavaria. (3) Miltenberg, in Unterfranken, Bavaria. (A private school.) (4) Michhausen, in Unterfranken, Bavaria. (A private school.) (5) Duesterntal, near Alfeld, Hanover. Forestry Research in Germany 7. Up till recent years, research work was generally limited within the bounds of forestry science (carried out alongside forestry education) and financed, at least in part, by the Forest Administrations of the regions concerned. This arrangement caused a certain amount of struggle for the independence of research against interference of the Forestry Administration, and, apart from the issue of periodic journals and memoirs, there seems to have been a lack of co-ordination with the rest of Germany and a great deal of overlapping. Some attempt was made before the war to overcome this latter defect by the establishment of the " Hermann Goering Academy of Forestry Research " at Hann-Muenden under Professor Bader. 8. In more recent years there was a definite trend to include within this research the wider field of forest utilization and wood technology, a logical result of the closer relationship between forestry and timber per se within the orbit of the German Forest Service, which during the Nazi regime dictated the felling and marketing of all timber in Germany. Formerly such timber research was for the most part conducted and financed by societies and industrial groups interested, and this accounts for a large number of independent research establishments each dealing with their own particular problems. 9. Forestry and timber research in Western Germany is now mainly concentrated in the following centres : (1) Reinbek, near Hamburg ; (2) Hann-Muenden ; (3) Munich ; (4) Freiburg.

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