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197. The practical nature of the course was evident and strongly emphasized throughout ; in addition to the summer forest practice, students were required to undertake all necessary forest work in the adjoining 10,000-acre State forest which is managed by the school staff. Reference (1) " Norwegian Agriculture." 0. T. Bjanes. 1932. CHAPTER VIII—DENMARK 198. A flat and densely populated country, which in past ages has replaced practically all its primeval forests with agriculture, Denmark presents a sharp contrast to the essentially forest countries of Scandinavia. During the last two centuries the need for a proper balance between forestry and agriculture has been realized and there are now some 870,000 acres (8 per cent, of total land area) of carefully tended forests characteristically distributed over a very large number of small isolated units, 75 per cent, of which are privately owned. 199. The main characteristic of Danish forestry (as of agriculture) is intensive utilization of the soil; to this end forestry research has been focused on the problem of optimum yield, by the selection and improvement of the most suitable species, which has resulted in a wide use (50 per cent.) of exotics. 200. Denmark has had 163 years of experience in forestry education, and an international reputation in research on the breeding of forest trees ; a brief visit was therefore made to Copenhagen on the return from Sweden. Higher Forestry Education in Denmark 201. Forestry was first systematically taught in Denmark at Kiel and Elsinore in 1786 as a branch of military training. From 1800 the University of Copenhagen conducted a course in forestry ; later it was at the Polytechnic High School; and from 1869 to the present day has been a faculty of the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural College in Copenhagen. 202. This College, which was founded by the State in 1856, provides higher education in veterinary, agriculture, land surveying, horticulture, dairying, and forestry. The organization of the College is based on maximum centralization of resources, with as many lectures as possible common to two or more faculties. 203. The staff directly and indirectly available to the forestry course is classified as follows : (1) Three Professors of Forestry:— Professor Gron (Forest Economics, Policy and Statistics). Professor Moller (Silviculture ; Mensuration). Professor Moltesen (Management; Utilization ; Marketing). (2) Three graduate assistants for forestry subjects only. (3) Eleven professors and three lecturers for basic sciences and special subjects, other than technical forestry. The Forestry Course 204. The full forestry course occupies six years, including two years of superviser practical training.

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