CENSUS, 1911: COOK AND OTHER ANNEXED PACIFIC ISLANDS. INTERIM REPORT AS TO POPULATION, ETC., OF THE COOK AND OTHER ANNEXED PACIFIC ISLANDS (EXCLUSIVE OF THE ISLANDS OF NIUE, PALMERSTON, AND PUKA PUKA).

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1911 Session I, H-14c

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1911. NEW ZEA L A N l>.

CENSUS, 1911: COOK AND OTHER ANNEXED PACIFIC ISLANDS. INTERIM REPORT AS TO POPULATION, ETC., OF THE COOK AND OTHER ANNEXED PACIFIC ISLANDS (EXCLUSIVE OF THE ISLANDS OF NIUE, PALMERSTON, AND PUKA PUKA).

Laid before Parliament pursuant to Section 1£ of the Census and Statistics Act, 1910.

CONTENTS. p«e« Summary of Population .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Native and Half-oaste PopulationResidences and Birthplaces .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Age Groups .. .. .. .. :. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Religions, Education, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 British and Foreign born— Residences and Birthplaces .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Approximate Ages, Religions, and Education .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Selected Extracts from Correspondence and Reports of Resident Commissioner and Sub-Enumerators .. . . 5-7

Registrar-General's Office, 18th September, 1911. The returns for the Cook and other annexed Pacific Islands, with the exception of Niue, Palmerston, and Puka Puka, have been received, and the results are as set forth in the attached tables. Selected extracts from the reports and correspondence of the Sub-Enumerators relative to the conditions, Ac, on the Islands are also annexed. The total population of the islands for which returns have been received is 8,049, and if the Islands of Niue, Palmerston, and Puka Puka are taken at the figures of previous census —3,822, 82, and 435 respectively—the approximate population of the annexed Pacific islands will be 12,388, as against 12,340 in 1906. M. Fraser, Government Statistician.

SUMMARY. Table I. —Showing the Population (Native and other) of the Cook and othkr Annexed Pacific Islands (excluding Niue, Palmerston, and Puka Puka) according to a Census taken in April, 1911. Persons. Males. Females. Natives and half-castes ... ... ... ... ... 7,878 4,168 3,710 British-born and foreigners .. ... ... 171 111 60 Totals ... ... ... ... ... 8,049 4,279 3,770

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RESIDENCES AND BIRTHPLACES. Table II.-Showing the Residences and Birthplaces of the Native and Half-caste Population of Cook and other Annexed Pacific Islands (exclusive of Niue, Palmerston, and Puka Puka) according to a Census taken in April, 1911.

AGE GROUPS. Table III.—Showing the Ages (in groups) of the Native and Half-caste Population in the Cook and other Annexed Pacific Islands (exclusive of Niue, Palmerston and Puka Puka), according to a Census taken in April, 1911.

Birthplace. Residence. si 11 § 15 a : 35 - 3 4 2 3 4 i I—) CO 3 3 0 B S5 CO . -a co 3 ■a 3 3 3 I.I co <u co il a a a ■a 0 a r. s M a a > 6 '3 5 T3 3 .-1 CC cd 3 B9 a p o 3 re CD H 0 3 CJ cu 0 1 D EC a Total. ex P S •a 3 Of] OJ CO -t= 9 .1 6 a a 6 a 6 a a j 3 3 O 3 00 O r. <i a .3 * 3 3 ce o 3 3 3 3 3 ►a 3 3 3 '3 3 3 3 =5 0 CO 3 a 0 A a 3 3 3 +3 eg p 3 Barotonga Mangaia Aitutaki A'iu Mauke Mitiaro Penrhyn Manihiki Rakahanga Hervey Islands .. 1,713 45 30 6 6 4 307 1,376 35 4 6 90 89 4 9 1,051 25 5 763 1 16 15 3 2 3 386 3 12 2 1 6 4 168 1 50 59! 10 14 30 15 1 2 1 1 10 3 .. 4 .. .. 3.. 1 1 2.. 86 15 15 8 15 11 45 11 2 19116 ..! 1 9,1! i.. .. 0 29 25 6 7 11 1 2.. .. .. 5 7 11 1 C 1 ! I 2 1 '2 •• 1 2,620 1,466 1,221 810 447 198 332 440 315 29 6 15 1 15 1 1 1 •• 1 •■ 1 .... ..I 1 .. '.'.'.:'. i 17 3 2 4 i '2 3 1 294 17 6 2 24 314 37 1 1 1 4 6 1 1 5 1 ■• 5 10 'l .. 2 1 2 1 ■• -■ 2 '• ■ • •• 1 1 .. .. 1 .. 1 15 4 13 1 2 4 2 4 .. 1,160911 56 239 2 4 5 •• 1 ■2 1 1 10 ..; ..; .. •1 1,836 413 203 — 452 305 " 15 •I 33 40 ■20 •• 16 •• H •' -! 8 5 2 153 • 59 1 ■■ 1 •• 7 ■• 5 2 1 •■: i-i •• - 4 1 2 • 1 ••' 1 •• 4 •• 2 ■• 3 ... 1 - •• h •• 1 7,871 Totals 1,732 373 9, 2 1 1 1 2 1 la I I l_ I I I 1

Residence. Under 5. 5 to 9. 10 to 14. 15 to 19. 20 to 24 M. F. M. F. 25 to 29. 30 to 34. 35 to 39. M. F. : M. P. 40 to 44. M. F. 45 to 19. j 50 t M. F. M. 54. [ 55 to 59. I 60 to 64. .. a- CD 70 and 05 to 69 - over. M. F. M. F. Uns] fie I peciid. I Males: Total. FemaleB : Persons Total. Total. M. P. M. F. P. I M. ! F. M. P. M. I *"• M. F. M. P. ; Barotonga 118 154 Aitutaki .. 85 90 Mangaia .. .. 100 90 Atiu .. .. I 71 49 Mauke .. I 36 21 Mttiaro 23 14 Manihiki .. 25 19 Rakahanga 23 16 Penrhyn .. 19 19 Manuae and Te Anotu (Hervey Islands) Totals .. ! 530 472 154 68 91 42 30 13 28 20 8 134 78 87 35 19 17 25 14 33 123 85 71 67 101 80 39 35 28: 32 14 10 12 27 16 20 10 9 174 47 80 36 31 5 20 9 13 9 116 64 82 43 25 8 22 14 15 148 38 51 54 19 2 15 10 7 7 109 49 53 54 12 3 17 10 11 148 126 51 56 38 50 64 39 19 12 3 1 20 10 17 14 19 23 3 .. 125 49 43 38 6 101 97 61 47 31 41 21 16 11 23 14 13 10 9 12 10 1 75 35 51 16 17 > 96 89 33 43 40 41 17 13 141 11 15 26 14 11 3 6 13 10 ! 52 35 56 47 14 19 36 39 38 13 8 18 11 10 11 19 20 .. 10 12 15 8 8 5 4 8 7 17 23 37 18 5 49 22 14 9 10 28 10 18 13 2 34 35i 16 13! 33 33 20 11 7 5 35, 12 12 15 7 5 0 7 18 23 15 12 11 5 5 2 6 6 4 2 .. .. 2 .. 4 6 19 14 1 1 12 12 5 8 7 5 3 "2 5 •• I .. I 1 1,454 606 739 448 257 96 229 162 148 29 1,166 615 727 362 190 102 211 153 184 2,62( 1,22: 1,461 811 44' 191 441 311 33! at 14 12 13 8 7 7 16 11 10 2 8 5 4 "7 7 4 12 9 12 4 6 9 3 .. I .. I •• ■■ •• -- .. I •• •• •• 424 382 331 308 263 257 224 1 250 201 01 154 164; 153 121 89 140 119 87 66 82 69! 82 69! 8 454 442 414 365 389 351 318 245! 6! 4,168 3,710 7,871

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RELIGIONS, EDUCATION, ETC. Table IV.—Showing the Religious Denominations, Degree of Education, and Schooling of the Native and Half-caste Population of the Cook and other Annexed Pacific Islands (exclusive of Niue, Palmerston, and Puka Puka), according to a Census taken in April, 1911.

BRITISH-BORN AND FOREIGNERS. Table V.—Showing the British-born and Foreign Population of Cook and other Annexed Pacific Islands (exclusive of Niue, Palmerston, and Puka Puka), their Birthplaces, and where resident, according to the Census taken in April, 1911.

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i ltesidence. 6 3 := o 3 gcC i = t o c * - ci — cc n 11 Religious Denomination. oo p !2^ or oj ca S- 2 •«< !! !! !! 1,198 353 '.'. 198 .. .. .. 09 58 "l2 157 Totals. 2,620 1,466 1,221 810 447 198 332 440 315 29 Decree of Education. * !•> « 3|7M ! 44 1,770 .. 90 45 ' 645 .. 3 1 716 1 11 173 i 892 64 132 .. i 19 104 .. -2 25 '. 211) 14 317 .. 3 4 239 .. 8 2 22 v. 716 773 492 245 249 73 58 106 69 5 Attending School. o a « Totals. H S ti *- O S « o 5 * c S on 2,620 312 36 1,466 268 1,221 113 61 73 810 42 62 447 41 20 198 | 53 332 i 65 440 82 22 315 62 3 29 TotaU. 348 268 247 104 61 53 65 104 65 Rarotonga Mangaia Aitutaki Atiu Mauke Mitiaro Penrhyn Manihiki Rakahanga Hervey Islands Totals . .. 35 2,516 1,466 11 58 595 94 '.'. 332 37 403 1 314 236 5,626 5,626 11 1,198 382 198 | 227 7,878 391 | 4,586 1 1 114 2.786 7,878 1.038 204 : 73 1,315 I

Rarotonga Mangaia Aitutaki .. Atiu Mauke Mitiaro Penrhyn .. Manihiki .. Rakahanga Palme rston Puka Puka ] Totals Residence. i a H ™ E Be ~ £ CO CO i. 3 3 53 30 4 1 21 1 1 o 1 1 2 :: "j 1 :: :: :: :: :: .. 67 33 5 1 21 1 1 r : cs 2 -■ 9 : a 5 -d P 3 o i P "S 3 1 1 6 3 1 9 1 2 :: 'i '2 '. •; :: :: :: :: 3' c= o £ | Totals. CS A O 2 2 138 3 12 1 9 .. 1 .. 1 3 4 2 5 .. .'. -2 .. '.'. '.'. .'. :. :: k :. :: :: :: :: 2 10 ' 6 1 9 1 2 2 1 2 I 171 2 ■ " I I

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Table VI.—Showing Approximate Ages, Religious Denominations, and Degrees of Education of the British-born and Foreign Population of Cook and other Annexed Pacific Islands (exclusive of Niue, Palmerston, and Puka Puka), according to the Census taken in April, 1911.

I - -- > m "s PB9J joatiwo :::'•":::•■• s s G ••Hl.l.H [11IH PT)O>{ gW-H — rXi-imOT . . . CT « CO . . . f ; p.'il'IS )O>; Iβ . . . rH CO CO "* {, efq0 oco?: eo ™ c^ *0;<}6O[i9v •-' iH O5 iIH[.l,>l \qS.i.I,( OS • «H • 00 I "Jg -3SIHU9A o a -p\ Aitp-'UneAGS 5 I o % -imunimn 5" :::::::::: DO 1 x ■" Tl CO trBA9[ef»M w :::::::::: cc ■i[etii8f m CO ■juDiBBiojj <" ; ":;:■;;::;; <N Hj9naima94.il m '.'.'. 05 •otiom'BO eg • ta • • • • oo • • ■ w>1 : Iβ • m ii • .«-i . . . -Sag jo qoanqo ■« • • • ... ■Z 00WHHO1HOT-* 2 C ij S *,; ■* ■ S SS tt Jo < - 9 ,« K cjnco : «Hni, . . . .1 g j ; g ... ...... o. « 5 . CO I-f at § I fe§ V.iillill ■8B[Dtn ; g ............ -M,| ... —i .. S :::-:::::: S « 3 ■dj w hi — S ■9[1 ■ei«w S :: ::;:;: l«K • • • <N CD rH v V toiii !

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SELECTED EXTRACTS PROM CORRESPONDENCE AND REPORTS OF RESIDENT COMMISSIONER AND SUB-ENUMERATORS. (1.) From Correspondence of Resident Commissioner, Rarotonga. I need not point out to you the great difficulties in supplying accurate information with regard to some of the islands, in consequence of the fact that 1 have to rely in some cases upon the Natives themselves to supply the information, but I think you will find that as far as possible the census has been correotly taken. The figures for the Islands of Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, Atiu, Mitiaro, and Manuae may be taken as fairly correct, as Europeans, mostly my own agents, had the matter in hand. {2.) From Report of Enumerator at Rarotonga. Rarotonga. You will notice, sir, that there is an increase in the population of Rarotonga since last census taken in 1906, which was then 2.-'S.'S4 Natives. This large increase can be accounted for by the arrival of large numbers of Mangaians as labourers, and also arrivals from Tahiti and other French islands of Natives who have come to Rarotonga to settle. I found that ii would lie misleading to enter tin' number of live-stock and cocomit-pahns, as tin' Natives i hen,selves could not tell mc truthfully what they individually owned. The live-stock is generally family property. When I put the question to several they looked suspicious, and asked mc if this was for the purpose of a future taxation. 1 assured them to the contrary. In reference to the number of coconut-palms, just at present it would be impossible to get the number of trees owned by individuals, for in almost every block of land there are many owners, therefore these blocks would have to be subdivided to accurately arrive at the individual ownership of palms. I can only therefore make a fair estimate of the number of coconut-bearing trees on the island — viz., 30,000 and 25,000 trees not yet attained full maturity. The principal foods grown are — taro, yams, kumara, breadfruit, taro-papa, tarotaro-a, plantains, iitu, <fee. These foods are grown on all the islands of the Cook Group. The religion taught is mostly that taught by the London Missionary Society (Congregational), and is marked in many places as " L.M.S." There are a few who belong to the Roman Catholics, and still fewer to the Seventh-Day Adventists. The great majority are adherents of the London Missionary Society. Education : The children receive daily instruction by the missionaries attached to the London Missionary Society in each village; the same body also conducts a higher-grade school at Tereor"a. The Roman ( atholic Mission conduct a school at Avarua, which is fairly attended. The total of European population resident on the Island when the census was taken was 138. Hervey Islands (Manuae and Teau-o-Tu). Retains to hand show total Natives resident on that island to be 29. These Natives are employed there as labourers. Live-stock, A-e.—2l horses. 89 pigs, 368 fowls, 72 ducks, in goats. 2!i..'il>o coconut-palms. Mauke. Census returns from this island show a total Native population of 257 males and 190 females — total of 447. The enumeration of 1906 showed the Native population to then be 444 Natives and 2 Europeans -total 440. There are J Europeans and ."> half-castes living as Europeans at present on Mauke: this makes the total population for-the present to be 450. Education : The children receive daily instruction by the Native pastors attached to the London Missionary Society in each village. The Roman Catholic .Mission also conducts a school in the beach village. General: This island is not half cultivated, and could support four times the population it does. Copra and oranges are its chief exports. There are l>7 horses on the Island. Penrhyn. According to the census returns, the Native population at present is 148 males and 184 females —a total Native population of •S-'i2. There are 3 Europeans resident on the island : thus the total population of the island will be 335. The enumeration for the year 1906 showed the Native population to have been 414, and also (i Europeans —a total of 420. Education : The children receive instruction from the Native pastors attached to the London Missionary Society (Congregational). Religion ; Thai taught by the London Missionary Society. General : These islanders are the lowest standard of the Cook-Islanders. Chief products are copra and pearl-shell. There are 7 pigs on the island.

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Manihiki. Census returns supplied show the total population to be 22!) males and 211 females —total 440. There are 4 Europeans resident on this island : this gives the total population on this island of 444, as against the enumeration of l!) 06. which was then 521 and 22 absentees, Education : The children receive instruction from the Native pastors attached to the London Missionary Society. There is also a school conducted by the Roman Catholic Mission in the Tukao Settlement. Religion : That taught by the London Missionary Society (Congregational). There are a few who are Roman Catholics. General : The chief products of this island are copra, hats. mats, and pearl-shell. Eakahanga, Returns supplied show the Native population to be 162 males and 153 females a total Native population of 315. Education: The children receive instruction of the Native pastor attached to the London Missionary Society and an old scholar from the Tereora School ai Rarotonga. Religion : That taught by the London Missionary Society. General : Chief products—Copra and hats. Census returns have vet to be received from Palmerston ami I'uka Puka. These cannot be expected until about October, 1911. (.'{.) From Report of Si h-Km heratoh foh Mangaia. Age: Where a note " about is made opposite the age it has been arrived at from cil'CUinstances in the life of the person and the appearance, coupled with my personal knowledge; the unnoted ages are taken from the local Register. Workers : Most of the intermittent workers are at Rarotonga. Coconuts: The bearing coconut-palms are a close approximation, many having been counted for this purpose, but many are, 1 think, understated. Education: The children receive education for about one hour and a half in the morning four days a week by a Native representative of the London Missionary Society. l-'oods : There are a few other Native foods than those entered, out tin- chief ones are bananas. breadfruit, taro, oranges, and pandanus. 1 believe this to be tin accurate enumeration, great pains having been taken to make it so. Jiive-stock on the Island consists of—Horses, 243j pigs. 855; goats. .'! ; dogs. .;:! ; cows. 5: and there arc 50,243 coconut-palms. (t.) Fnou Repoht of Scb-Enumkhatoh kor Aitctaki. Statements regarding Hie number of coconut-trees or other crops owned by Natives in this island would be of little value, as there is practically no individual ownership of land here, and have been omitted in taking the census, as statistics so obtained would only be misleading. The ages of Natives are approximate, ami as nearly accurate as possible. J have shown the number of pigs owned by Natives, but statements by Natives regarding crops or produce, ivc. would only be misleading and entirely inaccurate, so many being interested in the same pieces of land. I deemed it best to omit these. Live-stock on the Island consists of—Pigs, 1,210; goat, 1 ; cows, (i. (.").) From Report ok Sub-Enumerator fob Atiu. 1 took the names and particulars, household by household, so can vouch to their correctness. The Natives are gathered into 136 households, as shown in the census books. The number of children of school age is L 37. Those attending school number 104. Live-stock —Horses, '.)!) ; pigs. 225; goats, 23. (There are no cattle on the island.) Number of bearing coconut-palms 1 1,639. Atiu yields the usual tropical products, ami the Natives of both sexes take part in cultivating the soil their ordinal l occupation—and fishing, the women doing their share of the latter by collecting shell-fish, Crustacea, &C, on the reef. Their means of subsistence is ample if they would work regularly. I have taken much pains to secure cornet returns, and I trust they will lie considered satisfactory. ((>.) From Report of Sub-Enumerator for Mitiaro. Live-stock : 1 have only noted horses and pigs; of fowls there are so few that I do not think it would be any use noting them. Coconut-palms: 1 have not been able to obtain the exact number. Tin- Natives do not know themselves bow >nanj palms they have, and, although I have asked them to try to count how many, it would eimply mean that no palms would lie entered, because with them it is always " bv-and-by " and " to-morrow. Trade or occupation : The majority are copra-producers. Plantations : There being very little good soil, nothing except coconut-palms are planted. The good soil here i- only sufficient for supplying the Natives with their food, nothing being left for exporting purposes. In the last three years a few thousands of coconuts have been planted, lull nobody knows exactly how many.

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Oranges : There are not many. The most ever exported from here was in 1910, when we exported 1,000 eases. In 1909 we did not have enough to make it worth while to take them, and in 1908 we had only about 220 eases. The only time we have a chance of selling our oranges is in August or September, and by that time, of course, a great many have fallen off the trees. Still, there is not enough to make it worth while for anybody to call for more than once a year. Totals : According to this census, taken here the 12th of April, the totals turn out as follows:—Native population—Males 96, females 102, total, IDS; horses, 6; pigs, 212; goat, 1; 00-WB, (i ; palms (about 8,000 bearing), 11,070. The majority of females over males is caused by so many males being away at present to other islands. Approximate Coat of Paper.— Preparation (not given); printing (1,500 copies), £&.

By Authority : John Maokay, Government Printer, Wellington.—l9ll Price 6d.\