E.—l2.

REPORT UPON STATE EDUCATION.

General Features. where the teacher does not possess the necessary diploma from a " Wissensehaftliche Priifungs Commission/' 1 he must hold one from a Seminarium or normal school. 3 (11.) The revenue of the primary, and generally of the secondary schools/ is the first instance, and mainly derived from the direct local taxation already referred to, levied by municipalities and communes, 4 and from fees, 5 with aid from the State in case of need." But Polytechnics and universities are under the immediate care of the State. (12.) In each State the supreme educational control for such State' is vested in a Minister who has the universities and Polytechnics under his immediate charge. Under the Minister is a State Board; arid there are also Boards for the respective provinces and districts, and School Committees in each parish. 8 (13.) Not only is there as a rule a school library for pupils, but a school library for teachers, as part of the regular apparatus of a school. MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STATES. The material differences between some States in ediicational matters relate principally to the— («) Gradation of schools ; 9 (b) Conditions relative to providing religious instruction ; 10 (c) Payment of, or freedom from, fees ; 11 (d) Compulsory attendance at supplementary schools; 11' and (e) University regulations—as, for instance, at Leipsic and Jena, where students unable to pay may, by petition, obtain leave to attend without fees.

Sources of income of State schools.

System of management.

School libraries.

Gradation of schools. Conditions relating to religious instruction. Payment or nonpayment of school fees. Compulsory attendance or otherwise at supplementary schools. University regulations.

1 The Commission consists for the most part of university professors; but not only of such. Only universities confer degrees. - " The law by which it is forbidden in Germany to give instruction in any subject without a proper certificate, or other qualification, has lately been extended to private teaching."—"Journal of Ed.,"l Oct., 1880, p. 415. See also R.E.C., Mr. M. Arnold, 5389 and seq. 3 For Table " Showing Expenditure in Public Secondary Schools in Saxony, and the sources whence it is supplied," see Appendix table (C) to Mr. M. Arnold's (May, 188C) report. 4 See also — (a) R.C., vol. 1, pp. 515, 22, and 23; (6) M.C.E.; and (c) R.E.C., Mr. M. Arnold, 5334, 5321 and scq. For Saxony, see— (a) Mr. Bashford's book, pp. 11 and 12 ; and (b) Mr. Felkin's book, p. 17.

Prussia— B.E. rept., pp. 535 and 53G; Amer. Gommr. Itept.,lBBs, p. 211; and espec. R.E.0., Mr. M. Arnold, 5349 and seq., and 5379 and seq. 5 See also Amer. Commr. Rept., 18S5, p. 211. c See also R.E.C., Mr. M. Arnold, 5321. ~> Note Mr. Philbriok, p. 7. 8 See also B.E. ropt., p. 530; Amer. Commr. Rept., 1885, p. 211; and espec. 8.E.C., Mr. M. Arnold, 5244 and seq., 5339, 5334, 5444 and seq., and 5505 and seq. 9 For instance, note--(a) E.G., vol. 1, p. 22. (&) Mr, Pelkin's book, " Summary of Saxon Schools." 10 For instance, at Berlin, see note supra; whilst in Saxony "the religion professed and taught by a particular school is the religion of the majority of the parish." See Mr. Bashford's hook, p. 7. 11 For instance, whilst in Berlin elementary instruction is wholly gratuitous, in Saxony it is not. See Mr. Bashford's book, p. 18; ond also B.E. rept., p. 581. 12 Compare Prussia and Saxony.

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