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212. Five of these sets of standards have been adopted by the Council and designated Annexes 1 to 5 of the Convention. They have been approved by contracting States, in the sense that a majority of States have not disapproved of any of their provisions by the stipulated date under Article 90 of the Convention. They will therefore come into force, and should be implemented by contracting States, by the dates shown below: — Annex 1 : Personnel Licensing (PEL) .. Ist May, 1949. Annex 2 : Rules of the Air (RAC) .. .. Ist January, 1949 Annex 3 : Meteorological Codes (MET) .. .. Ist January, 1949. Annex 4 : Aeronautical Charts (MAP) .. .. Ist March, 1949. Annex 5 : Dimensional Units to be used in Air- Ist January, 1949. Ground Communications (DIP) 213. The present position of these, and of other draft Annexes which have not reached such an advanced stage, is governed by Resolution II of the Chicago Conference, dealing with the drafts of Annexes for the Convention, which states : in so far as the technical subcommittees have been able to agree on recommended practices, the States of the world, bearing in mind their present international obligations, are urged to accept these practices as ones toward which the national practices of the several States should be directed, as far and as rapidly as mayprove practicable. 214. As regards the Annexes containing Standards and Recommended Practices which have been adopted by Council and subsequently approved by the contracting States, all contracting States are under an obligation to implement the Standards, as from the specified date, by legislative or other action, or alternatively to notify the International Civil Aviation Organisation of their inability to comply. They must then specify details of the deviations from the international standards which will exist in their aircraft or in their territory in regard to international air navigation (Article 38 of the Convention). Recommended Practices, while urged on contracting States, carry no such obligation. 215. There is a further obligation under Articles 39 and 40 of the Convention in respect of international standards governing the issue of certificates of airworthiness or personnel licences. This is that a statement of the differences between the national standards, on which the certificate or licence was issued, and the international standards shall be attached to the certificate or licence. Compliance with this provision of the Convention has been recognised to be open to objections, and consideration is being given to alternative ways in which the desired information may be provided to other contracting States. The penalty which may ensue from such deviations is that other contracting States may refuse admission to air navigation over their territory of aircraft or personnel of another State whose certificates or licences so deviate from the international standard.